The Difference Between Logical and Physical Networks

In-Text Citations

The first words of the in-text citation should mirror the first words of the source on the References page.

Remember the following

* Never use the URL in the citation.

* Never use the first or middle initials of the author(s) in the citation.

* Always include the year in the citation.

* Always use p. or pp. for page numbers or para. or ¶ for paragraph numbers with direct quotations.

* Include the author's name or title of the work when no author is listed, year, and page or paragraph number (for a direct quotation) within the parentheses.

* Place the punctuation after the final parenthesis of the citation unless it is a block quote.

* Follow the rule of punctuation for capitalization of the first title mentioned within the reference. Titles of books and articles: capitalize the first word, the first word following a colon, and proper nouns.

The following examples provide information about how to format in-text citations and the corresponding source on the reference page.

University of Phoenix, Student Development Services 1

Table of Contents

A book with one author......................................................................................................................3

A book with two or more authors....................................................................................................4

A book with a group author..............................................................................................................5

A journal article...................................................................................................................................6

A journal article from an online database.....................................................................................7

A journal article from an online database--anonymous author.............................................8

A newspaper article............................................................................................................................9

A website with no author.................................................................................................................10

A website with an author.................................................................................................................11

University of Phoenix e-text authored by individuals..............................................................12

University of Phoenix e-text that is a compilation of pieces of other works edited by University of Phoenix as a completely new book.....................................................................13

University of Phoenix rEsource Material.....................................................................................14

A University of Phoenix simulation..............................................................................................15

Software..............................................................................................................................................16

Television Series...............................................................................................................................17

University of Phoenix, Student Development Services 2

A book with one author

A book with one author could be formatted in any of the following ways:

In-Text Citation

Sample 1 According to Venes (2001), three types of influenza are spreading throughout

the country.

Sample 2 Three types of influenza are spreading throughout the country (Venes, 2001).

Sample 3 Venes (2001) stated, "The types of influenza doctors must prepare for fall into three categories" (p. 106).

Reference Page Citation

Venes, D. (2001). Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary (19th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

In-Text Citation

Sample 4 Cleckley (1997) noted that diversity in the classroom prepared young Americans for work in a global society.

Sample 5 Diversity in the classroom prepared young Americans for work in a global society was the idea presented by well-known scholar Bernard Cleckley (1997).

Sample 6 "Because youth have had experience working and playing with children of other races and cultures while growing up, they will be better able to interact with those of other cultures when working within intercultural corporations" (Cleckley, 1997, p. 37).

Reference Page Citation

Cleckley, B. (1997). Strategies for promoting pluralism in education and the

workplace. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

University of Phoenix, Student Development Services 3

A book with two or more authors

A book with two or more authors could be formatted in any of the following ways:

In-Text Citation

Sample 1 Often, people compare Caldwell and Thomason's (2004) book to The DaVinci Code because of their brilliant writing and historical context.

Sample 2 The Book of Four has been compared to Don Brown's The DaVinci Code (Caldwell & Thomason, 2004).

Sample 3 "An encyclopedia masquerading as a novel, The Book of Four is a dissertation on everything from architecture to zoology" (Caldwell & Thomason, 2004, p. 136).

Reference Page Citation

Caldwell, I, & Thomason, D. (2004). The book of four. New York: Dell.

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