Nutrition: Metabolism Vocab
Essay by cbro • October 28, 2012 • Essay • 424 Words (2 Pages) • 836 Views
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
These vocabulary lists contain important words from each chapter. It would be to your benefit to look up the definition of each word and be able to understand them in the context of the class. This will help you not only on the vocabulary quizzes, but also to understand information presented in class, on assignments, and on exams.
* Metabolism
o Chemical processes in the body that provide energy in useful forms and sustain vital activities
* Metabolic pathway
o Group of biochemical reactions that occur in the progression from beginning to end
* Intermediates
o Compounds formed in 1 of the many steps in a metabolic pathway
* Anabolic
o Use of small, simple compounds to build larger, more complex compounds
* Catabolic
o Break down compounds into small units
* Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
o Main form of energy the body uses
* Oxidized
o Loss of an electron or gain of an oxygen in a chemical substance
* Reduced
o Gain of an electron by an atom
* Cellular respiration
o ATP generation from oxidizing (removing electrons) food molecules
* Cytosol
o Water-based phase of the cytoplasm; excludes organelles, such as mitochondria
* Mitochondria
o Main sites of energy production in a cell. Also contain pathway for oxidizing fat for fuel
* Oxidative phosphorylation
o Process by which energy derived from the oxidation of NADH + H+ and FADH2 is transferred to ADP + Pi to form ATP
* Lipolysis
o Breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids
* Fatty acid oxidation
o Breakdown of fatty acids into compounds that enter the citric acid cycle
* Carnitine
o Compound used to shuttle fatty acids from the cytosol of
...
...