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Copgras Delusion

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* Copgras Delusion

o Occurs when the amygdala is disconnected from the visual cortex

o People have no emotional response to objects that they see

o Ex. Man who though his parents were imposters

* Does not occur over phone conversations

* Recognition

o Occurs at 114 msec or 10 times/second or 1/10 sec

o It is when a match between perceptual input and a pattern (mental representation) in memory exceeds some criterion and conscious awareness of the pattern occurs

o Rapid and unconscious

o Temporal lobe

* Lower portion of the temporal lobe which extends forward from the visual cortex is the declarative pathway of the visual system

 It compares visual representations with representations of familiar faces and words

* Middle portion of the temporal lobe which surrounds auditory area, organizes features matching auditory input into representations of phonemes

* Logogen Model

o A logogen is a criterion node that determines when the comparison between the input and representation in memory has made a match

o A point where all the representations of a word come

o The more of a perceptual representation that matches, the higher the activation

o When the activation exceeds the criterion for the word represented by the logogen it is perceived and recognized

o Accounts for word recognition

* Frequency effect

o High frequency words have low thresholds

* If you use it a lot you are more conscious of it

o Low frequency words have a higher threshold

o The more that you see it, the better you are at processing it so you do it faster and see them quicker

o Masking studies show evidence

* Words more likely to be reported than non-words, high frequency more that low frequency

* Redundant Pathways

o 3 parallel pathways for recognizing printed words

* Visual whole word pathway activates meaning directly

* Auditory whole word pathway activates sound of word and meaning through auditory pathway

* Letter sequence sounds word out phonetically letter by letter

 Takes longer

 Speed affected by number of letters in word

 Low frequency exception words will produce more mistakes

* Proofreading

o Because we use whole word pathway errors are difficult to detect in high-frequency words and words that preserve the shape

o Homophone errors may be difficult to detect

* Backward mask- mask is last

* Forward mask- mask is first

* Priming

o The presentation of an item which affects the reaction time or probability with which another item is subsequently perceived

o Subliminal

* Activation of a node higher than its resting state but not higher than the threshold so later it will require less subsequent activation and will be easier to process

* Requires a mask

o Visible

* May or may not need masking

* Activated higher than threshold but is lowered

o Repetition

* Each presentation increases the activation until they exceed criterion

o Form priming

* Words activate the words in their neighborhood

o Semantic

* Activation spreads along semantically related logogens

* Neely study

o When there is a fast presentation you use automatic primes

o When there is a slow presentation you use an expectation

* Structural descriptions

o Fire hydrant

o You have an expectation of what to see and when they don't your reaction time is slower

* Elements related by semantics and spatial associations

* Evolution of language system

o Larynx lowered

o Laterlization of brain

* Broca's area- speech production

* Wernicke's area- speech perception

* Rand and Kimora studies

o You can only pay attention to one sound at a time

* Phonemes

o Smallest parts of speech

o Phonemes->words->phrases

* Cooing vs. babbling

o Cooing child makes random phonemes from all languages

o At 6 mths only produce phonemes of language being acquired

* Propositions

o The purpose of language is to construct propositions (comprehension)

o The

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